Economic+Geology+Review

1. Explain how gold alloys are rated in karats. What percentage of gold is in a 10K ring? 100% gold=24k; 75% gold=18k; 58% gold=14k; a karat refers to the percentage of gold is in a piece of jewelry; 10k=41%. Jason 2. Describe each of these 3 ways that minerals form: hydrothermal and magmatic emplacement and sedimentary deposits (placers). 3. What happened billions of years ago in the western Upper Peninsula to create lava (and later) the copper deposits? The plates tried to pull apart and when they did this hot magma rose near the surface, eventually though this stopped. Jason 4. What and where is the Keweenaw Rift? the keweenaw rift is were the continents split and the magma rose up to fill the gap. It is in the north western part of the U.P. -elizabeth. 5. Where are each of these mineral resources located in Michigan: copper, iron, salt, gypsum, aggregates? Mark them on the map outline below and identify with a key! 6. Compare the 2 traditional types of mining methods. What are the pros and cons of each? Underground Pros- easier to get to the materials. Can still use the ground above it for other buildings cons- very dangerous Open Pit Pros- Safer and Cheaper Cons- takes up a lot of land, affects the air cuality because of all the dust. -chrissy 7. Describe some different ways to reclaim strip (open pit) and shaft (underground) mines. Underground- Can be used to hold waste or toxic chemicals. Open Pit- Can be used as garbage dumps, turned into lakes, or revegetate and build houses on top of. -chrissy 8. What are alloys? Why are they made? Give some examples. A homogeneous mixture or solid solution of two or more metals, the atoms of one replacing or occupying interstitial positions between the atoms of the other. Brass is an alloy of zinc and copper.Alloys are used because they have specific properties or production characteristics that are more attractive than those of the pure, elemental metals. -chrissy 9. Explain these different refining techniques: froth flotation, electrolytic separation, leaching, smelting. froth flotation-seperation by density, dense fluid added, rock sinks, refined material floats. smelting- add other chemicals to ore and melt to extract metal. electrolytic seperation- exctracting metals from solution by applying an electric current, metals will accumulate at the negative electrode. leaching- add chemical to dissolve metal, then remove metal from solution. -chrissy 10. What impact does the refining of many metallic ores have on the environment? How can lakes with low pH be restored? air--->s+O2>"SO2" pollutants>N+O2>"NOx"
 *  Honors Earth Science Objectives Economic Geology**
 * Purple has been reviewed and is correct. **

negatives impacts:kills everything (animals) that come in contact and get poisoned and die. fences, nets, and scrubbers prevent animals contact with this area. -christina 11. What are scrubbers? Explain how they work. (adhesion) Scrubbers are tools used to scrub the sulfur out of the smoke released by coal-burning boilers. most scrubbers use limestone to which can be used to absorb sulfur under the right conditions. limestone is then mixed with water and sprayed into the coal combustion gases. the limestone captures the sulfur and "pulls" it out. Limestone and sulfer together form a wet paste that disables the sulfur from getting into the air. -chrissy 12. Why don’t the Great Lakes have an acid rain problem?

the limestone at the bottom of the lakes neutralize the acid. -chrissy 13. Give examples of 3 types of aggregates. Why does Michigan have so many of them? gravel, sand, clay, gypsum, limestone, salt, sandstone. Michigan has so many because the bottom of the great lakes have limestone at the bottom. -chrissy Michigan has so many of them because Michigan used to have glaciers. -Josh 14. What does the presence of limestone, salt and coral fossils tell you about the past history of Michigan? limestone salt and coral fossils tell that michigan used to be in the tropics and was an ocean. -christina 15. What is the Michigan Basin? A mid-continental downwarp in the lower peninsula of Michigan that is about 544 million years old. The center is the deepest part and is about 18,000 feet below the current surface. -Chrissy 16. What are brines? What products do we make from them? Brine (lat. saltus) is water saturated or nearly saturated with salt (NaCl). Since Brine is salt u can use it for anything that uses salt even cooking. It can be many other salts, not just NaCl! Hey who are you, Yellow? Julian 