Wxing+&+Erosion+Review

  **Lots of questions for you to attack on this last big wiki! Have at it!**  **Reminders: please use first name or nickname only and use any color except purple!**  __Metamorphic Rocks__ What three processes can create metamorphic rocks? chemically active fluids. heat. pressure. -chrissy What are the two types of metamorphism? Explain each.  Regional: over a wide area, such as mountain building or mountain burials Contact:local area, such as groundwater or magma contact, or fault zones  Weathering and Erosion  What’s the difference between weathering and erosion? weathering= physical break down and chemical alteration of rocks. Erosion= removal of material by mobile agents such as water, wind, ice. weathering=no movement. -christina Explain each of these examples of mechanical weathering: frost-wedging, root- wedging, exfoliation, slump, creep. frost wedging- ice freezing and expands in rock. after many times, rock=broken in pieces. root wedging: tree roots growing between the cracks in rock. creep-slow movement of sediment due to gravity. slump- sudden downward movement of land.  -Christina Explain each of these examples of chemical weathering: oxidation, carbonic acid, biological activity (lichens). <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: ArialMT; color: rgb(122, 82, 200);">Oxidation- When rocks, rich in iron minerals, become rusty. They receive a yellow, reddish color.Dan <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: ArialMT; color: rgb(0, 46, 255);">Biological Activity-The activity of organisms, such as, plants, burrowing animals, humans, and decaying organisms.- Dan <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: ArialMT; color: rgb(122, 82, 200);">Carbonic Acid-Rain dissolves carbon dioxide, and as it falls through the atmosphere, the acid ionizes to form hydrogen ions and biocarbonate ions.- Dan What determines the size of sediment? (clay vs. sand) time, climate, plants, animals, slope of the land. - Dan <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: ArialMT; color: rgb(122, 82, 200);">Explain differential weathering. (hoodoos) Some stuff is cemented together better then others. variation in rate& degree of weather. -Christina What 2 forces sort sands and other sediment sizes? water and wind. -chrissy What is the relationship between the size of sand and its relative age? sand that has larger grains is usually younger sand because the longer the sand is around, the more weathered and broken up it becomes. -chrissy What is the relationship between the degree of roundness of sand and its age? the rounder the sand is the older it is since it has been polished more by erosinal processes. -chrissy What is the relationship between the degree of roundness of sand and proximity to its source area? the rounder the sand is the closer it is to its source area.-josh What is soil? Be able to identify a soil by using the soil (triangular) chart. <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: ComicSansMS; color: rgb(122, 82, 200);">a mixture between air, water, organic matter and fragments of minerals. -chrissy What 3 common soils exist? Identify them by color, environment and chemistry. <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: ArialMT; color: rgb(122, 82, 200);"> Red soil: <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: CenturyGothic; color: rgb(122, 82, 200);">in warm humid areas. (Fe, Al) –in oxidized form. <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: ArialMT; color: rgb(122, 82, 200);"> <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: CenturyGothic; color: rgb(122, 82, 200);">Brown/Black soil:temperate areas. Black-rich in organic. (Fe, Al) –not oxidized. <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: ArialMT; color: rgb(122, 82, 200);"> <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: CenturyGothic; color: rgb(122, 82, 200);">White/Grey soil: <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: ArialMT; color: rgb(122, 82, 200);"> not as porous, found in desert area. (Calcium rich) -Elizabeth <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: ComicSansMS; color: rgb(122, 82, 200);">Glaciers and Ice Ages <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: ArialMT; color: rgb(122, 82, 200);"> <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: ComicSansMS; color: rgb(122, 82, 200);">What is a glacier and how is it formed? Its a thick ice mas that moves and forms over hundreds of years. It forms on land from accumulation, compaction and recrystallization of snow. <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: ArialMT; color: rgb(122, 82, 200);">Glaciers form in areas where more snow falls in winter than melts in summer <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: ComicSansMS; color: rgb(122, 82, 200);"><Sam> Explain the two types of glaciation. alpine: happens in mountains. continental: sheets associated with ice ages or with polar regions. -chrissy List a few forms of glacial abrasion seen in Michigan. Striations & grooves & great lakes. -Christina <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: ComicSansMS; color: rgb(122, 82, 200);">Describe in pictures and words these glacial deposits seen in Michigan: erratics, moraines, kames, eskers, drumlins. (You could upload pictures that you find on the internet or draw some yourself!) <span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK18;"> ERRATIC: MORAINE: KAME: ESKER: DRUMLIN:

<span style="color: rgb(122, 82, 200);">-Laura In what pattern are the moraines arranged in the Lower Peninsula? What causes this? Moraines are arranged parallel to the shorelines. Where the glaciers came in is why it is caused where it happens. -Christina Glaciers produce both till and stratified drift. Explain what each is and the conditions under which it forms. Till is material that is deposited directly by the ice and are glacial erratics. Stratified drift contains sediment that is sorted and is deposited by meltwater. <Sam> How were the Great Lakes formed? the glaciers gowched them out. -Christina Explain 2 causes for the Ice Ages. 1) plate tectonics and 2) variations in Earth's orbit or Milankovitch cycles <Sam> Explain the difference between how these lakes formed: kettle lakes, finger lakes, moraine-dammed lakes. kettle lakes are usually in groups and forms when a block of ice falls off a glaciern. Finger lakes are being eroded or grounded out, they are gouged out in the direction the glaciers were moving. Morain-dammed lakes o ccurs when a terminal moraine has prevented some water that has been melted from glaciers from leaving the valley. <Sam> How did Lake St. Clair form? it is a moraine-dammed lake( a moraine prevented water from going away)-Christina <span style="color: rgb(122, 82, 200); font-family: ArialMT; font-size: 17px;"> Desert erosion What is the primary erosional agent in the desert? What is secondary? the primary erosional agent in the desert is water and the second is wind. -chrissy Why do flash floods occur? the desert sand doesnt soak up the rain wwater quick enough so heavy rains can produce flood conditions very quickly and without warning. -chrissy What are: ventifacts, playas? Ventifacts are rocks that have been cut by desert wing or sand; contain sharp edges. Playas are temporary lakes that are located in the desert. <Sam> What is cross-bedding? Which 2 ancient environments produce it? cross bedding is when sand dunes turn to rocks. 2 environments=deserts& beaches.-Christina Cross beds – sloping layers of sand in the dune and deserts and beaches produce it. <Sam> What environment produces frosted sand? desert-Christina Shoreline processes Explain how the longshore current affects beaches. the sand on beaches gets dragged with the water in the direction of the longshore drift. -Christina What is the effect of a groin on beach sediments? trys to prevent longshore drift. stops sand from getting dragged. sand is dumped on 1 side of groin. -Christina What is the purpose of a seawall? to stop waves from crashing into lakefront property and destroying it. -chrissy How can a dune be stabilized so that it does not migrate? Dont walk on it. stay on established grass/path. -Christina growing grass. -chrissy