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** Historical Geology/ Sedimentary Rocks In order for you to receive credit, your answers and corrections must be uploaded by midnight, June 8.** **Please remember- first names only!** 1. Review how each of these sedimentary rocks are formed and be able to identify them: conglomerate, coquina, coal, sandstone, limestone, shale. 2. Explain the differences between these 4 groups of sedimentary rocks: clastic, bioclastic, evaporite, precipitate. clastics- made of little pieces. bioclastics- formed from little pieces of living things. evaporites- water soluble mineral deposits. precipitates- they have mineral crystals made from elements that are dissolved in water. -Elizabeth 3. Describe fossilization processes such as lithification (replacement), hard parts, molds and casts, trace fossils , carbonization. **lithification:** the compaction and cementation of sediment to rock **hard parts:** actual parts of an animal **molds:** a negative imprint of a animal covered by sediment **casts:** mold fossils filled with a mineral **trace fossils:** fossils that are left behind by something **carbonization:** plant leaves or soft parts of fish, reptiles, etc. decompose leaving only the carbon which makes an impression in the rock outlining the fossil -amanda 4. What are these special rocks? geodes, gastroliths, coprolites. **geodes:** hollow, sphere shaped rock with crystals lining the inside wall **gastroliths:** rocks that have been held in the digestive tract of an animal **coprolites:** fossilized excrement -amanda 5. How were the eras of the Geologic Time Scale divided? What are the names of the 4 eras, in order from the formation of the Earth? They were divided by the development of plants and animals. The 4 eras are precambrian, paleozoic, mesozoic, cenozoic. -Elizabeth 6. The Geologic Time Scale reflects 3 trends in the evolution of life on earth. Over time, how do life forms change? They get more complex, the diversity of life grows, and there is an abundance (bigger population) -Elizabeth 7. How old is the Earth, according to absolute dating methods? 4.5 Billion years old - Michael 8. What main themes are associated with each of these times: the PreCambrian? The Paleozoic? The Mesozoic? The Pleistocene? precambrian- organisms develop; paleozoic- fishes, amphibeans, reptiles; mesozoic-dinasours and birds; cenozoic- mammals and humans develop. -Elizabeth 9. What types of rocks can be assigned an absolute age? igneous or metamorphic rocks. -Elizabeth 10. What is the special use for Carbon-14 in dating? carbon dating uses the half-life of Carbon-14 -amanda 11. List a few rocks and a soil type that is impermeable. slate is impermeable and clay loam soil -Elizabeth 12. What's an aquifer? What types of sediments and rocks make good aquifers? an aquifer is where water can travel through. An example of a good aquifer is limestone. -Elizabeth 13. How do wells affect the water table? What is the difference between an artesian well and a non-flowing well? they make the water table rise or lower. -christina 14. How do caves and karst features (such as sinkholes) form? In what type of rock are caves formed? Why?  Questions 17-22 use the diagram below
 * Honors Earth Science Review Wiki**

17. List the ages of all these faults: P, K, C, T. For each, say what rock they came before and after. 18. Reconstruct the correct sequence of ages from oldest to youngest using __all__ of these letters: A S O M X L B V E H F L D Z J happens between these strata: A and F, Z and B, M and X.  A&F is a nonconformity, Z&B is a disconformity , M&X is a nonconformity. Jason 20. List the 4 letters that are igneous rocks:  A, S, E, M. Jason  21. Which letter is schist: 22. What water speed is associated with Z?  The water speed would be fast. Jason  23. What are transgressions? What rock sequence would you expect to see in one (bottom to top)? period of time when an ocean covers land, deepening as it does so. Could be due to a rise in sea level, erosian, or subsidence of land, or both. Limestone <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: ComicSansMS; color: rgb(122, 82, 200);">Shale <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: ComicSansMS; color: rgb(122, 82, 200);">Sandstone -Elizabeth <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: ComicSansMS; color: rgb(122, 82, 200);">24. What are regressions? What rock sequence would you expect to see in one <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: ComicSansMS; color: rgb(122, 82, 200);">(bottom to top)? period of time when an ocean retreats from land. Could be due to a fall in sea levels or rising of land. <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: ComicSansMS; color: rgb(122, 82, 200);">Sandstone <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: ComicSansMS; color: rgb(122, 82, 200);">Shale <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: ComicSansMS; color: rgb(122, 82, 200);">Limestone. -Elizabeth <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: ComicSansMS; color: rgb(122, 82, 200);">25. Find a picture of each of these common Michigan fossils and upload it: <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: ComicSansMS; color: rgb(122, 82, 200);">trilobite, brachiopod, <span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK14;"> Petoskey Stone (coral), crinoid, horn coral. trilobite brachipod petoskey stone crinoid

-ELIZABETH horn coral